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Wednesday, 27 November 2013

Possessive Nouns with ten examples



Possessive Nouns
Proper and common noun can sometimes be further classified as possessive nouns.          
                                                 
In the possessive case, a noun changes its form to show that it owns or is closely related to something else. Usually, nouns become possessive by adding a combination of an apostrophe and the letter “s”.

 Examples-

  1. The only luggage that was lost was the prime minister’s.
  2. The miner’s face was covered in coal dust.
  3. Where is Ram's telephone?
  4. Who took Ravi's pen?
  5. The ambulance’s seats are very uncomfortable for patients.
  6. The boy’s Hockey team will be selected for final match.
  7. She plans on opening a women's Beauty parlor.
  8. Children's programming is not a high priority.
  9. This is Mera's car.
  10. I like Hema's hair.



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Definition of Noun and types of Noun- English Grammar for banking exam prepration



Noun

A noun is a word denoting a Person, place, animal, thing or abstract idea.

  • America is the powerful country in the world.
  • Philosophy is of little comfort to the starving.


                          Types of noun

Proper noun -   Proper Noun is a special word that represents the name of a specific person, place or organization. The names of days, historical documents, religions, their holy texts are Proper Noun.

  • Many people dread   Monday morning.
  • Bhagat singh was a great patriot.
  • David Garrick was a very prominent eighteenth-century actor.


Common noun-   A common Noun is a noun referring to a person, place or thing in general sense. It denotes a group or collection of similar thing.

  • Many childcare workers are underpaid.
  • According to the sign, the nearest town is 60 miles away.
  • All the gardens in the neighborhood were invaded by beetles this summer.


Abstract Noun- an Abstract Noun   is a noun which names anything which we cannot   perceive through your five physical senses. We cannot  see , hear smell or taste an Abstract Noun.

  • Many people do not believe that truths are self-evident.
  • Buying the fire extinguisher was an afterthought.
  • He was very mischievous in his childhood.


Concrete Noun- Concrete Noun is a Noun which names anything that we can perceive through our physical senses like touch, sight, taste, hearing or Smell. It is the opposite of an Abstract Noun.

  • I saw a dog at the beach which spends hours chasing waves.
  • The LIC agent urged the couple to buy the new health policy.


Collective Noun- A collective noun is a noun naming a group of things, animals, or persons. You could count the individual members of the group, but you usually think of the group as a whole is generally as one unit.


  • The steering committee meets every Wednesday afternoon.
  • The Class was startled by the bursting light bulb.
  • The Jury is dining on take-out chicken tonight.


Material Noun- Material noun is a noun which denotes matter or substance of which a thing is made or an ingredient of an alloy.

  • Iron is very hard metal.
  • Diamond is more precious than gold.
  • This chair is made of wood.


Countable Noun- Countable Noun is a Noun with both a singular and plural form and it indicates something that you can count.

  • We painted the table red and chair black.
  • The Oak tree lost its branches in the hurricane.


Uncountable Noun- a Non-Countable Noun (or Mass noun) is a Noun which refers to something that you could not usually count.

  • Joseph Priestly discovered Oxygen.
  • Water is an essential to human life.

Some Examples of Countable and Uncountable Noun

Countable Noun-

      1. This Film is based on the culture of Rajasthan.
      2. There were few people on the road
      3. A number of questions arose at the discussion.
      4. Each question in the paper carries one mark.
      5. She got enough pens for the Exams.

Non-Countable Noun-

      1. Oxygen is essential for Human life.
      2. Now the time is over for the offer.
      3. He takes other’s advice for final results.
      4. There’s little hope that he will survive.
      5. Most of the time he is not at home.

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Saturday, 7 September 2013

object oriented programming- its features and benifites



Object oriented programming treats data as a critical element in the program development and these elements called objects. The objects- oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language which model organized around the objects. Oops allow decomposition of a problem with number of entities called objects.

In the objects oriented programming language, object refers to a specific type or “instance” of a class. Each object has a structure similar to other objects in the class, but each object can assign individual characteristics. Object can also call functions or methods. Basically, Objects are the run- time entities in the object oriented programming. It may represent a person, a place, class students, a bank account, a table of data or any items that the program is to be use.  

Objects oriented programming has one of the programming buzzword today. These appears to be a great deal of interest and excitement among the software engineers in using Oops.

Some Features of object oriented programming:

It is emphasis the data rather than procedure.
In the Oops, programs are divided into objects.
Data structure are designed such they characterize the objects.
Functions that operate on the data of an object are tied together.
Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external functions.
Objects can communicate with each other through the functions.


The programming areas for application of Oops are-
  1. Real time systems,
  2. Objects oriented data base,
  3. Simulation and modeling,
  4. Artificial Intelligence
  5. Expert system
  6. Natural networks and parallel programming
  7. Hypertext, hypermedia
  8. Decision Support and office automation system
  9. CIM (computer Integrated Manufacturing) system,
  10. CAM (computer Aided Manufacturing) / CAD (Computer Aided design) system,


The most popular application of OOP has been the area of user interface design such as Windows. Most Windowing systems have been developed using the Oops technology.


Benefits of objects oriented programming:
  • Through Inheritance features of objects oriented programming, we can create object for one program and it can easily be reused in the other programs.
  • We can build program from the standard working module that communicate with one another.
  • The principle of data hiding helps the programmer to build secure programs. And programmers can hide a particular part of code in the programme for security.
  • It is easy to work partition in a project-based on objects.
  • Large programs are very difficult to write, but in the object oriented programs programmer to go through an extensive planning phase, which makes better designing flow for programme.
  • Object oriented system can be easily upgraded from small to large systems and its maintenance charge is very less.
  • Object oriented system base software complexity can be easily managed.
  • Object oriented programming leads to saving of development time and it providing higher productivity.





Friday, 6 September 2013

Data structure through C- easy class notes



Data Structure


Introduction to Data Structure:

A data structure is a collection of one or more variable, possibly of different types. It is a collection of data items grouped together under a single name for convenient handling. Basically, it is specialized way of storing and organizing data in a computer for using in the program. Data structure is also called records in some language, like pascal.

Data structure are generally based on the ability of a computer to fetch and store data at any place in its memory; by address and manipulated by the programmed at any time in the program me.

 Data structures = Organized data + operations.

Use of data structure:
Data structure basically used to manage large amounts of data efficiently.
Data structures help to recognize complicated data, particularly in very large programs because it permits a group of related variable to be treated as a unit instead of separate items.

Typical operations on a data structure are:
ADD
INSERT
DELETE
FIRST
NEXT
LAST
LOCATE

Type of Data Structure:
Array
Stacks
Queues
Linked lists
Tree
Graph
Structures

Array: An array is a collection of similar elements stored in adjacent memory location. It is called linear data structure. It is a collection of homogeneous (similar type) data elements. Its elements are stored in computer memory in a linear way.

Stacks:  A stack is an ordered collection of items into which all the insertions and deletion are performed at one end called the TOP of stack. The insertion operations are known as PUSH and deletion operation as POP. And stack processed in LIFO way, means (last in first out).  

Queues:  queues is defined as a list in which items may be deleted at one end called the front of the queue, and items may be inserted at the other end, called the rear of the queue. This process is called FIFO (first in first out).

Linked List:  Linked list is defined as a linear collection of data elements called nodes; where each node consists of two parts; first part is information and pointer to next node. The last node contains NULL pointer. 

Tree: A tree is a non linear collection of nodes. In the computer science the tree is represented upside to down i.e., the root on the top and the remaining nodes downward.
tree


Structure:  structure is a collection of logically related fields. And fields may be same or different types.  

Graph: graph is a set of nodes or vertices and a set of arcs or edges where each arc is specified by  a pair of nodes.  

graph
                                     


  
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Tuesday, 27 August 2013

Easy class notes on computer- introduction, characteristics and uses of computer



 
computer is a electronic device
What is computer?
A Computer is an electronic device. It is a programmable machine. This is  digital machine that can accepts a data, stream of symbols, stores them, and processes them accordingly to set of instruction and pre defined rules.
Computers most important property is that its generality and a digitalism. It can follow a sequence of instructions, which is called a program that operates on given data.
A digital computer is basically an electronic device which can transmit and store the data and manipulate the information. Many different types of data can be processed by a computer. These are numerical, characters (words-name), graphics (drawings, charts, dots, lines, photographs) and sound (music, speech, etc.)  

Use of Computer-
Computers are used in scientific calculation and research.
Computers are used in commercial and business fields for analyzing the situation of business atmosphere, like- cost analysis, market value of products, demand of product etc.
  1. Computers are used in space guidance.
  2. Computers are in controlling traffic, like- air traffic.
  3. Computers are used in real time data processing.
  4. Computers are used in educational fields for teaching to students, making students results, and getting good study material from internet.
  5. Computers are used in media for providing news.  
  6. And computers are used in many others area- railway, transportation, information system...


Characteristics of computers-

The Basic characteristic of computers are-
  • Automatic:- the computer is a automatic machines. Its means once a task is started on given instruction, its carry on until the task is completed.
  • Speed: - The computer can work extremely fast. It takes only few second for completing the given task. A Computer can perform millions of instructions in single seconds.
  • We determine the speed of computer in microseconds (10-6) means ten to the power minus 6, nanoseconds (10-9) means ten to power minus 9) and picoseconds (10-12) means ten to the power minus 12.
  • A power full computer can perform 3 to 4 million simple arithmetic operation per second.
  • Accuracy: - the computer produce highly accurate and reliable results. Mostly it gives cent percent accuracy.
  • Versatility: - it means a computer is capable of performing a wide variety of functions, like-

  1. Computer can accept data and produce results.
  2. Computer can perform the fundamental arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
  3. Computer can perform logical operations.
  4. Computer can transfer data internally and externally both; means data can flow from one part to the other part of computer.
  • Diligence: - A computer is capable of performing the same task over and over again with the same degree of accuracy and reliability as the first time. This is because computer is free from tiredness and lack of concentration, etc. it can work for hours without creating any error.
  •  Perfect Memory and Large storage: - A computer can store and recall any amount of information because of its in built memory and secondary storage capability.
  • No I.Q:- A computer do not have own intelligence. It is a total dumb machine and it cannot do any work without instruction. These instructions determine by the user (human being).
  • No Feelings: - Computer does not have any emotion, feelings, and knowledge, thus it never feel tired.


  
























Friday, 13 July 2012

Har Har Mahadev. The God of light.



OM
Har Har Mahadev

Mahadev is a lord of lords. Mahadev’ second very famous name is Lord Shiva. Shiva is a Sanskrit word, means auspicious.  In Hindu Pantheon believe in Trinity (Trimurti), - Bramha Dev, Vishnu Dev and Mahadev. Vishnu is the preserve and Bramha is the creator and mahadev is a responsible for distraction. He is the destructive from of the Almighty.
Mahadev is a symbol of Power or ‘Shakti’. Mahadev have a nature of Yogi and he believed to be at the core of the centrifugal force in the universe because of his responsibility. He is responsible for death and destruction, but he is provided the medium between old journey to new journey for nature or sole.

 As Mahakaal

The Mahadev is a lord of all times. He lives in all times- past, future and present. Mahadev destroys and dissolves everything into nothingness. For his nature to live in all time Vedas called him as a ‘Mahakaal’.
But he also reproduces that which has been destroyed and dissolved. For his reproduce sing nature, Vedas called his ‘Shankar’.

Linga

In Hinduism, all God’s statue is used for worship but only lord mahadev;s  linga is worshiped besides of his statue. His symbol of phallus (linga) represents his reproductive power.

In Hinduism, In Mahadev’s temple called ‘Shivalya’, the linga is placed in the center of underneath the spire, where it symbolizes the naval of the earth. Linga  also regarded as a symbol of all- auspiciousness.


A Different identity
The image of mahadev is distinct from other deities.

Mahadev’s Form

Mahadev always sit in Ardhapadmasan on the tiger skin. He put the ashes at his whole body. He faces south. He has a trident in the right lower arm with a crescent moon on his head. He has three eyes and third eye is known as ‘Trinaitra’. He has fire and damaru and mala or kind of weapons.  He wears rudraksh beads and five serpents as ornaments. He wears a garland of skulls. He holds cobra in one arm. Nandi is a bull that serves as mahadev’s mount. The Ganga is a holly river and has made her abode in Mahadev’s Hair.

Tiger Skin:  Wearing a tiger skin represent fearless.

Ganga:  The Holly River Ganga signifying the flow of scriptural teachings passing wisdom from one generation to next. 
 
Crescent Moon: He is a symbol of crown

Third Eye: It is a symbol of destroyer, with the third eye Mahadev burnt the kamdev to ashes, and kamdev is a symbol of desire and sex. 

Nandi: he serves as menhaden’s mount.

Gana: The Ganas are attendants of Mahadev.

Serpents: It signify the Ego, But when Mahadev is wearing of serpents on the neck as Mala, denotes wisdom and eternity.

Damaru: It symbolizes sound which gave the word to nature to generate the language. The First language Shnaskit got word by Shiva’s Damaru and world find The Vedas.

Trident: It represents the three powers of desire, knowledge and implementation.

Ashes: Ashes is representing everything is destroy at the end of life.

The Maha Mrityunjaya Mantra

Maha Mrityunjaya Mantra is a prayer to lord Shiva for help in overcoming “death”.  Rishi Markandey is a father of this maha mantra. Rishi Markandey save himself from yamraj with the help of Maha Mrityunjaya mantra. Rishi Markandey gave the Maha mantra to Sati for saving Moon Life from Yamraj. This way the Maha Mantra came into common person.

 Known as a Sanjeevani mantra

Maha Mrityunjaya Mantra also known as the Sanjeevani mantra or “Mritay- Sanjeevani” mantra, because this mantra re-establishes the life.

Om Tryambakam Yajamahe, Sugandhim Pusti-vardhanam/
    Urvarukamiva bandhanaan, MrtyorMuksiya Mamrtat//

Meaning:
Aum, we pray the lord who have the three Eyes,- Sun, moon, fire and increase fragrance and nourishment from powerful disease, bondage and death free us into immortality, just as the ripe cucumber easily separates itself from the binding stalk.